Represented, a group of psychologists called for renewed attention to inner experience, to internal processes, and to self-beliefs Apprehensive about what they considered the narrow and passive view of human functioning that behaviorism
Labeled as beyond the scope of scientific psychology.Ĭoinciding with the zenith of behavioristic influence came what is now often referred to as the "humanistic revolt" in Psychology was redirected, attention was turned to observable stimuli and responses, and the inner life of the individual was When the smoke cleared, the behaviorism of John Watson and later B. Notwithstanding the efforts of James, the psychoanalysts, and other proponents of self-study, psychologists espousingĪ behaviorist orientation swelled their ranks by pointing out that only a person's tangible, observable, and measurable behavior Erik Erikson later focused on critical aspects of self to trace adolescents' development of Jung, who framed the self as the regulating center of an individual's personality and shed light on self-processes under the guise When William James (1890/1981a ġ890/1881b) wrote the Principles of Psychology, his chapter on "The Consciousness of Self" was the longest in the two volumes.Īlso critical to the quest for understanding self-processes were the writings of psychoanalysts such as Sigmund Freud and Carl
London: Ablex Publishing.Īt the turn of the 20th century, when American psychology began to take its place among the other academicĭisciplines, there was much interest in the role that self-beliefs play in human conduct. SELF-EFFICACY, SELF-CONCEPT, AND SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENTĬhapter in R.
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